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                <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">Projections de sécheresse CMIP5 au Canada basées sur l'indice de précipitations et d’évapotranspiration normalisé (SPEI)</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Drought projections on seasonal to annual time scales are presented for Canada over the twenty-first century, based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Results make use of bias-corrected temperature and precipitation projections from 29 global climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), and include three different forcing scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Large differences in projected drought changes are observed among different regions. On the annual time scale, southwestern Canada and the Prairies may experience an increase in drying under a warmer climate. On the other hand, coastal regions, including northern Canada, the northwest Pacific coast and the Atlantic region, show a small increase in wetness. The projected drought responses are relatively modest in the low forcing scenario (RCP2.6) for most Canadian regions. In addition, even for regions most affected, a marked increase in surface water deficit might not occur until the second half of this century. Inter-model variation (a crude measure of projection uncertainty) typically increases with forcing intensity and lead time, and is generally greater in northern and western Canada.

Relevant Publications: 

Tam, B. Y., K. Szeto, B. Bonsal, G. Flato, A. J. Cannon, and R. Rong. (2019). “CMIP5 drought projections in Canada based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index.” Canadian Water Resources Journal/Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques, 44(1), 90-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2018.1537812

Tam, B. Y., A J. Cannon, and B. Bonsal. (2023). "Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for Canada: Assessment of  probability distributions"  Canadian Water Resources Journal/Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques. https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2023.2183143</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">Les prévisions de sécheresse au cours du vingt-et-unième siècle sont présentées pour le Canada sur des échelles saisonnières à annuelles, en fonction de l’indice normalisé de précipitations et d’évapotranspiration (SPEI). Les résultats sont fondés sur les prévisions de température et de précipitations à biais corrigé de 29 modèles climatiques mondiaux participant à la phase 5 du projet d’intercomparaison des modèles couplés (CMIP5), et comprennent trois scénarios de forçage différents (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 et RCP8.5). De grandes différences dans les changements prévus en matière de sécheresse sont observées entre les diverses régions. Sur l’échelle annuelle, le sud-ouest du Canada et les Prairies pourraient connaître une augmentation des conditions sèches sous un climat plus chaud. Par contre, les régions côtières, y compris le nord du Canada, la côte nord-ouest du Pacifique et la région de l’Atlantique, montrent une légère augmentation des conditions humides. Les réponses prévues à la sécheresse sont relativement modestes dans le scénario de forçage faible (RCP2.6) pour la plupart des régions canadiennes. En outre, même pour les régions les plus touchées, une augmentation marquée du déficit en eau de surface pourrait ne pas se produire avant la deuxième moitié du présent siècle. La variation entre les modèles (une mesure brute de l’incertitude des prévisions) augmente habituellement avec l’intensité du forçage et le délai, et elle est généralement plus grande dans le nord et l’ouest du Canada.

Publications pertinentes : 

Tam, B. Y., K. Szeto, B. Bonsal, G. Flato, A. J. Cannon, and R. Rong. (2019). “CMIP5 drought projections in Canada based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index.” Canadian Water Resources Journal/Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques, 44(1), 90-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2018.1537812

Tam, B. Y., A J. Cannon, and B. Bonsal. (2023). "Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for Canada: Assessment of  probability distributions"  Canadian Water Resources Journal/Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques. https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2023.2183143</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
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